Engineering homework help
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1.11. A 400-L storage tank is completely filled with water at 15◦C. (a) If the top of the storage tank is left open to the atmosphere and the water in the tank is heated to 90◦C, what volume of water will spill out of the tank. (b) If the water is cooled back down to 15◦C, by what percentage is the weight of water in the tank reduced from its original weight? Neglect the expansion of the tank when the water is heated.
1.24. Ethylene glycol, which is commonly used as a coolant in car radiators, has a coefficient of volume expansion of around 5.7×10−4 K−1. Estimate the percentage change in density when the temperature of ethylene glycol is raised from 10◦C to 90◦C. Assume that the pressure remains constant.
1.40. A car tire has a volume of 15 L and has a recommended (gage) inflation pressure of 207 kPa (30 lb/in2) at a temperature of 20◦C. (a) If driving on the highway on a hot day causes the temperature of the air in the tire to increase to 60◦C, what will be the (gage) air pressure in the tire? (b) If, under the condition in Part (a), air is let out of the tire to restore the tire pressure to 207 kPa, what will be the (gage) air pressure in the tire when the air cools back down to 20◦C? Assume that the tire volume remains constant and that atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa. [Note: Tire pressures are stated as gage pressures, and the absolute pressure is equal to the gage pressure plus the atmospheric pressure.]
1.58. Compare the mass of oxygen per unit volume of air at sea level with the corresponding value at a mountain-resort at an elevation of 3000 m. If a person takes in the same volume of air with each breath and breathes at the same rate, what is the percentage reduction in oxygen that the person is inhaling when at the mountain resort? Assume a standard atmosphere.
HOMEWORK 2
1.65. Benzene at a temperature of 20◦C flows at a high speed over a smooth flat plate and exerts a shear stress of 0.5 Pa on the plate. Estimate the velocity gradient at the surface of the plate, and the velocity 2 mm away from the surface.
1.89. A clean glass capillary tube is placed in pure water. What is the smallest diameter of the capillary tube that can be used such that the capillary rise will be no more than 5 mm?
1.97. (a) If air at 20◦C is 20% oxygen and 80% nitrogen, and atmospheric pressure is 101.4 kPa, estimate the density of air at 20◦C. (b) If the air described in Part (a) is compressed into a 1 m3 tank with an absolute pressure of 200 kPa and temperature of 15◦C, what is the weight of the tank? (c) If the relative humidity of air is measured as 80% at 20◦C, estimate the vapor pressure of air and the temperature at which condensation will begin to occur.
1.109. Estimate the evaporation rate of water that results from a net solar radiation of 10 MJ/(m2·d). Assume that the temperature of the water body is 15◦C.
1.11. A 400-L storage tank is completely filled with water at 15◦C. (a) If the top of the storage tank is left open to the atmosphere and the water in the tank is heated to 90◦C, what volume of water will spill out of the tank. (b) If the water is cooled back down to 15◦C, by what percentage is the weight of water in the tank reduced from its original weight? Neglect the expansion of the tank when the water is heated.
1.24. Ethylene glycol, which is commonly used as a coolant in car radiators, has a coefficient of volume expansion of around 5.7×10−4 K−1. Estimate the percentage change in density when the temperature of ethylene glycol is raised from 10◦C to 90◦C. Assume that the pressure remains constant.
1.40. A car tire has a volume of 15 L and has a recommended (gage) inflation pressure of 207 kPa (30 lb/in2) at a temperature of 20◦C. (a) If driving on the highway on a hot day causes the temperature of the air in the tire to increase to 60◦C, what will be the (gage) air pressure in the tire? (b) If, under the condition in Part (a), air is let out of the tire to restore the tire pressure to 207 kPa, what will be the (gage) air pressure in the tire when the air cools back down to 20◦C? Assume that the tire volume remains constant and that atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa. [Note: Tire pressures are stated as gage pressures, and the absolute pressure is equal to the gage pressure plus the atmospheric pressure.]
1.58. Compare the mass of oxygen per unit volume of air at sea level with the corresponding value at a mountain-resort at an elevation of 3000 m. If a person takes in the same volume of air with each breath and breathes at the same rate, what is the percentage reduction in oxygen that the person is inhaling when at the mountain resort? Assume a standard atmosphere.
HOMEWORK 2
1.65. Benzene at a temperature of 20◦C flows at a high speed over a smooth flat plate and exerts a shear stress of 0.5 Pa on the plate. Estimate the velocity gradient at the surface of the plate, and the velocity 2 mm away from the surface.
1.89. A clean glass capillary tube is placed in pure water. What is the smallest diameter of the capillary tube that can be used such that the capillary rise will be no more than 5 mm?
1.97. (a) If air at 20◦C is 20% oxygen and 80% nitrogen, and atmospheric pressure is 101.4 kPa, estimate the density of air at 20◦C. (b) If the air described in Part (a) is compressed into a 1 m3 tank with an absolute pressure of 200 kPa and temperature of 15◦C, what is the weight of the tank? (c) If the relative humidity of air is measured as 80% at 20◦C, estimate the vapor pressure of air and the temperature at which condensation will begin to occur.
1.109. Estimate the evaporation rate of water that results from a net solar radiation of 10 MJ/(m2·d). Assume that the temperature of the water body is 15◦C.